numerical simulation of air flow around the np car using the realizable k-ε turbulence model to predict aerodynamic forces and moments

in this study, a numerical computational fluid dynamics study is conducted in order to predict the aerodynamic forces on the np car. the turbulent air flow around the car is modeled using the realizable k-ε model. first, results are validated against those presented for the ahmed’s body. next, the fluid flow around the car is simulated for different car speeds ( to mph) and flow directions ( to degree) and the drag and lift forces and coefficients are calculated. increasing the car speed leads to increase of the drag and lift forces. while, the drag and lift coefficients of the car for all studied speeds are almost constant and are respectively equal to . and . . in addition, for different flow directions the drag coefficient would increase up to . . also, the effect of mirrors on the drag force is investigated. results reveal that removing the mirrors leads to approximately reduction in the drag force with no significant reduction in the drag coefficient. furthermore, the effect of car elevation on the drag and lift forces is analyzed. it has been shown that when the car elevation decreases up to mm, the drag force will decrease more than , and the drag and lift coefficients are still constant. keywords: road sign detection, text detection, object detection from video, fuzzy logic, mser